# python 查看某个对象的用法

help(该对象)
eg:

import numpy as np
print(help(np.random.normal))


Help on built-in function normal:

normal(...) method of numpy.random.mtrand.RandomState instance
normal(loc=0.0, scale=1.0, size=None)

Draw random samples from a normal (Gaussian) distribution.

The probability density function of the normal distribution, first
derived by De Moivre and 200 years later by both Gauss and Laplace
independently [2]_, is often called the bell curve because of
its characteristic shape (see the example below).

The normal distributions occurs often in nature.  For example, it
describes the commonly occurring distribution of samples influenced
by a large number of tiny, random disturbances, each with its own
unique distribution [2]_.

.. note::
New code should use the normal method of a default_rng()
instance instead; see random-quick-start.

Parameters
----------
loc : float or array_like of floats
Mean ("centre") of the distribution.
scale : float or array_like of floats
Standard deviation (spread or "width") of the distribution. Must be
non-negative.
size : int or tuple of ints, optional
Output shape.  If the given shape is, e.g., (m, n, k), then
m * n * k samples are drawn.  If size is None (default),
a single value is returned if loc and scale are both scalars.
Otherwise, np.broadcast(loc, scale).size samples are drawn.

Returns
-------
out : ndarray or scalar
Drawn samples from the parameterized normal distribution.

--------
scipy.stats.norm : probability density function, distribution or
cumulative density function, etc.
Generator.normal: which should be used for new code.

Notes
-----
The probability density for the Gaussian distribution is

.. math:: p(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{ 2 \pi \sigma^2 }}
e^{ - \frac{ (x - \mu)^2 } {2 \sigma^2} },

where :math:\mu is the mean and :math:\sigma the standard
deviation. The square of the standard deviation, :math:\sigma^2,
is called the variance.

The function has its peak at the mean, and its "spread" increases with
the standard deviation (the function reaches 0.607 times its maximum at
:math:x + \sigma and :math:x - \sigma [2]_).  This implies that
normal is more likely to return samples lying close to the mean, rather
than those far away.

References
----------
.. [1] Wikipedia, "Normal distribution",
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
.. [2] P. R. Peebles Jr., "Central Limit Theorem" in "Probability,
Random Variables and Random Signal Principles", 4th ed., 2001,
pp. 51, 51, 125.

Examples
--------
Draw samples from the distribution:

>>> mu, sigma = 0, 0.1 # mean and standard deviation
>>> s = np.random.normal(mu, sigma, 1000)

Verify the mean and the variance:

>>> abs(mu - np.mean(s))
0.0  # may vary

>>> abs(sigma - np.std(s, ddof=1))
0.1  # may vary

Display the histogram of the samples, along with
the probability density function:

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> count, bins, ignored = plt.hist(s, 30, density=True)
>>> plt.plot(bins, 1/(sigma * np.sqrt(2 * np.pi)) *
...                np.exp( - (bins - mu)**2 / (2 * sigma**2) ),
...          linewidth=2, color='r')
>>> plt.show()

Two-by-four array of samples from N(3, 6.25):

>>> np.random.normal(3, 2.5, size=(2, 4))
array([[-4.49401501,  4.00950034, -1.81814867,  7.29718677],   # random
[ 0.39924804,  4.68456316,  4.99394529,  4.84057254]])  # random

None

Process finished with exit code 0



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